SELECT 
  cscart_products_categories.product_id, 
  GROUP_CONCAT(
    IF(
      cscart_products_categories.link_type = "M", 
      CONCAT(
        cscart_products_categories.category_id, 
        "M"
      ), 
      cscart_products_categories.category_id
    )
  ) AS category_ids 
FROM 
  cscart_products_categories 
  INNER JOIN cscart_categories ON cscart_categories.category_id = cscart_products_categories.category_id 
  AND cscart_categories.storefront_id IN (0, 1) 
  AND (
    cscart_categories.usergroup_ids = '' 
    OR FIND_IN_SET(
      0, cscart_categories.usergroup_ids
    ) 
    OR FIND_IN_SET(
      1, cscart_categories.usergroup_ids
    )
  ) 
  AND cscart_categories.status IN ('A', 'H') 
WHERE 
  cscart_products_categories.product_id IN (
    18508, 18509, 18510, 18511, 18513, 18514, 
    18515, 18516, 18517, 18518, 18519, 
    18520, 18521, 18522, 18523, 18524, 
    18525, 18526, 18527, 18528, 18529, 
    18530, 18531, 18532, 18533, 18534, 
    19936, 19937, 19938, 19939, 19940, 
    19941
  ) 
GROUP BY 
  cscart_products_categories.product_id

Query time 0.00056

JSON explain

{
  "query_block": {
    "select_id": 1,
    "cost": 0.129863357,
    "nested_loop": [
      {
        "table": {
          "table_name": "cscart_products_categories",
          "access_type": "range",
          "possible_keys": ["PRIMARY", "pt"],
          "key": "pt",
          "key_length": "3",
          "used_key_parts": ["product_id"],
          "loops": 1,
          "rows": 58,
          "cost": 0.03739229,
          "filtered": 100,
          "attached_condition": "cscart_products_categories.product_id in (18508,18509,18510,18511,18513,18514,18515,18516,18517,18518,18519,18520,18521,18522,18523,18524,18525,18526,18527,18528,18529,18530,18531,18532,18533,18534,19936,19937,19938,19939,19940,19941)",
          "using_index": true
        }
      },
      {
        "table": {
          "table_name": "cscart_categories",
          "access_type": "eq_ref",
          "possible_keys": ["PRIMARY", "c_status", "p_category_id"],
          "key": "PRIMARY",
          "key_length": "3",
          "used_key_parts": ["category_id"],
          "ref": ["u508912950_dev_2025.cscart_products_categories.category_id"],
          "loops": 58,
          "rows": 1,
          "cost": 0.05515432,
          "filtered": 100,
          "attached_condition": "cscart_categories.storefront_id in (0,1) and (cscart_categories.usergroup_ids = '' or find_in_set(0,cscart_categories.usergroup_ids) or find_in_set(1,cscart_categories.usergroup_ids)) and cscart_categories.`status` in ('A','H')"
        }
      }
    ]
  }
}