SELECT 
  cscart_products_categories.product_id, 
  GROUP_CONCAT(
    IF(
      cscart_products_categories.link_type = "M", 
      CONCAT(
        cscart_products_categories.category_id, 
        "M"
      ), 
      cscart_products_categories.category_id
    )
  ) AS category_ids 
FROM 
  cscart_products_categories 
  INNER JOIN cscart_categories ON cscart_categories.category_id = cscart_products_categories.category_id 
  AND cscart_categories.storefront_id IN (0, 1) 
  AND (
    cscart_categories.usergroup_ids = '' 
    OR FIND_IN_SET(
      0, cscart_categories.usergroup_ids
    ) 
    OR FIND_IN_SET(
      1, cscart_categories.usergroup_ids
    )
  ) 
  AND cscart_categories.status IN ('A', 'H') 
WHERE 
  cscart_products_categories.product_id IN (
    13902, 13903, 13906, 13907, 13909, 13910, 
    13911, 13913, 13914, 13915, 13917, 
    13918, 13919, 13920, 13921, 13922, 
    13923, 13924, 13925, 13926, 13927, 
    13933, 13934, 13935, 13936, 13937
  ) 
GROUP BY 
  cscart_products_categories.product_id

Query time 0.00100

JSON explain

{
  "query_block": {
    "select_id": 1,
    "cost": 0.070919184,
    "nested_loop": [
      {
        "table": {
          "table_name": "cscart_products_categories",
          "access_type": "range",
          "possible_keys": ["PRIMARY", "pt"],
          "key": "pt",
          "key_length": "3",
          "used_key_parts": ["product_id"],
          "loops": 1,
          "rows": 26,
          "cost": 0.02773805,
          "filtered": 100,
          "attached_condition": "cscart_products_categories.product_id in (13902,13903,13906,13907,13909,13910,13911,13913,13914,13915,13917,13918,13919,13920,13921,13922,13923,13924,13925,13926,13927,13933,13934,13935,13936,13937)",
          "using_index": true
        }
      },
      {
        "table": {
          "table_name": "cscart_categories",
          "access_type": "eq_ref",
          "possible_keys": ["PRIMARY", "c_status", "p_category_id"],
          "key": "PRIMARY",
          "key_length": "3",
          "used_key_parts": ["category_id"],
          "ref": ["u508912950_dev_2025.cscart_products_categories.category_id"],
          "loops": 26,
          "rows": 1,
          "cost": 0.02653224,
          "filtered": 100,
          "attached_condition": "cscart_categories.storefront_id in (0,1) and (cscart_categories.usergroup_ids = '' or find_in_set(0,cscart_categories.usergroup_ids) or find_in_set(1,cscart_categories.usergroup_ids)) and cscart_categories.`status` in ('A','H')"
        }
      }
    ]
  }
}

Result

product_id category_ids
13902 575M
13903 575M
13906 575M
13907 575M
13909 575M
13910 575M
13911 575M
13913 575M
13914 575M
13915 575M
13917 575M
13918 575M
13919 575M
13920 575M
13921 575M
13922 575M
13923 575M
13924 575M
13925 575M
13926 575M
13927 575M
13933 575M
13934 575M
13935 575M
13936 575M
13937 575M