SELECT 
  cscart_products_categories.product_id, 
  GROUP_CONCAT(
    IF(
      cscart_products_categories.link_type = "M", 
      CONCAT(
        cscart_products_categories.category_id, 
        "M"
      ), 
      cscart_products_categories.category_id
    )
  ) AS category_ids, 
  product_position_source.position AS position 
FROM 
  cscart_products_categories 
  INNER JOIN cscart_categories ON cscart_categories.category_id = cscart_products_categories.category_id 
  AND cscart_categories.storefront_id IN (0, 1) 
  AND (
    cscart_categories.usergroup_ids = '' 
    OR FIND_IN_SET(
      0, cscart_categories.usergroup_ids
    ) 
    OR FIND_IN_SET(
      1, cscart_categories.usergroup_ids
    )
  ) 
  AND cscart_categories.status IN ('A', 'H') 
  LEFT JOIN cscart_products_categories AS product_position_source ON cscart_products_categories.product_id = product_position_source.product_id 
  AND product_position_source.category_id = 574 
WHERE 
  cscart_products_categories.product_id IN (
    13860, 13876, 13879, 13896, 13895, 13899, 
    13861, 13857, 13859, 13858, 13897, 
    13866, 13894, 13873, 13889, 13885, 
    13884, 13892, 13891, 13890, 13893
  ) 
GROUP BY 
  cscart_products_categories.product_id

Query time 0.00073

JSON explain

{
  "query_block": {
    "select_id": 1,
    "cost": 0.082059908,
    "nested_loop": [
      {
        "table": {
          "table_name": "cscart_products_categories",
          "access_type": "range",
          "possible_keys": ["PRIMARY", "pt"],
          "key": "pt",
          "key_length": "3",
          "used_key_parts": ["product_id"],
          "loops": 1,
          "rows": 21,
          "cost": 0.022871025,
          "filtered": 100,
          "attached_condition": "cscart_products_categories.product_id in (13860,13876,13879,13896,13895,13899,13861,13857,13859,13858,13897,13866,13894,13873,13889,13885,13884,13892,13891,13890,13893)",
          "using_index": true
        }
      },
      {
        "table": {
          "table_name": "cscart_categories",
          "access_type": "eq_ref",
          "possible_keys": ["PRIMARY", "c_status", "p_category_id"],
          "key": "PRIMARY",
          "key_length": "3",
          "used_key_parts": ["category_id"],
          "ref": ["u508912950_dev_2025.cscart_products_categories.category_id"],
          "loops": 21,
          "rows": 1,
          "cost": 0.02206004,
          "filtered": 100,
          "attached_condition": "cscart_categories.storefront_id in (0,1) and (cscart_categories.usergroup_ids = '' or find_in_set(0,cscart_categories.usergroup_ids) or find_in_set(1,cscart_categories.usergroup_ids)) and cscart_categories.`status` in ('A','H')"
        }
      },
      {
        "table": {
          "table_name": "product_position_source",
          "access_type": "eq_ref",
          "possible_keys": ["PRIMARY", "pt"],
          "key": "PRIMARY",
          "key_length": "6",
          "used_key_parts": ["category_id", "product_id"],
          "ref": [
            "const",
            "u508912950_dev_2025.cscart_products_categories.product_id"
          ],
          "loops": 21,
          "rows": 1,
          "cost": 0.02369844,
          "filtered": 100
        }
      }
    ]
  }
}

Result

product_id category_ids position
13857 574M 0
13858 574M 0
13859 574M 0
13860 574M 0
13861 574M 0
13866 574M 0
13873 574M 0
13876 574M 0
13879 574M 0
13884 574M 0
13885 574M 0
13889 574M 0
13890 574M 0
13891 574M 0
13892 574M 0
13893 574M 0
13894 574M 0
13895 574M 0
13896 574M 0
13897 574M 0
13899 574M 0