SELECT 
  cscart_products_categories.product_id, 
  GROUP_CONCAT(
    IF(
      cscart_products_categories.link_type = "M", 
      CONCAT(
        cscart_products_categories.category_id, 
        "M"
      ), 
      cscart_products_categories.category_id
    )
  ) AS category_ids, 
  product_position_source.position AS position 
FROM 
  cscart_products_categories 
  INNER JOIN cscart_categories ON cscart_categories.category_id = cscart_products_categories.category_id 
  AND cscart_categories.storefront_id IN (0, 1) 
  AND (
    cscart_categories.usergroup_ids = '' 
    OR FIND_IN_SET(
      0, cscart_categories.usergroup_ids
    ) 
    OR FIND_IN_SET(
      1, cscart_categories.usergroup_ids
    )
  ) 
  AND cscart_categories.status IN ('A', 'H') 
  LEFT JOIN cscart_products_categories AS product_position_source ON cscart_products_categories.product_id = product_position_source.product_id 
  AND product_position_source.category_id = 313 
WHERE 
  cscart_products_categories.product_id IN (
    13943, 14023, 13917, 13889, 13926, 13905, 
    13906, 13941, 13936, 14008, 14028, 
    13885, 13904, 14005, 13998, 13933, 
    13884, 13912, 14001, 13892, 13891, 
    13890, 13893, 14027
  ) 
GROUP BY 
  cscart_products_categories.product_id

Query time 0.00052

JSON explain

{
  "query_block": {
    "select_id": 1,
    "cost": 0.092261139,
    "nested_loop": [
      {
        "table": {
          "table_name": "cscart_products_categories",
          "access_type": "range",
          "possible_keys": ["PRIMARY", "pt"],
          "key": "pt",
          "key_length": "3",
          "used_key_parts": ["product_id"],
          "loops": 1,
          "rows": 24,
          "cost": 0.02579124,
          "filtered": 100,
          "attached_condition": "cscart_products_categories.product_id in (13943,14023,13917,13889,13926,13905,13906,13941,13936,14008,14028,13885,13904,14005,13998,13933,13884,13912,14001,13892,13891,13890,13893,14027)",
          "using_index": true
        }
      },
      {
        "table": {
          "table_name": "cscart_categories",
          "access_type": "eq_ref",
          "possible_keys": ["PRIMARY", "c_status", "p_category_id"],
          "key": "PRIMARY",
          "key_length": "3",
          "used_key_parts": ["category_id"],
          "ref": ["u508912950_dev_2025.cscart_products_categories.category_id"],
          "loops": 24,
          "rows": 1,
          "cost": 0.02474336,
          "filtered": 100,
          "attached_condition": "cscart_categories.storefront_id in (0,1) and (cscart_categories.usergroup_ids = '' or find_in_set(0,cscart_categories.usergroup_ids) or find_in_set(1,cscart_categories.usergroup_ids)) and cscart_categories.`status` in ('A','H')"
        }
      },
      {
        "table": {
          "table_name": "product_position_source",
          "access_type": "eq_ref",
          "possible_keys": ["PRIMARY", "pt"],
          "key": "PRIMARY",
          "key_length": "6",
          "used_key_parts": ["category_id", "product_id"],
          "ref": [
            "const",
            "u508912950_dev_2025.cscart_products_categories.product_id"
          ],
          "loops": 24,
          "rows": 1,
          "cost": 0.02638176,
          "filtered": 100
        }
      }
    ]
  }
}